GERD

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic condition in which the contents of the stomach, including stomach acid, flow backward into the esophagus. This occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring that acts as a valve between the stomach and the esophagus, weakens or relaxes inappropriately. The reflux of stomach acid irritates the lining of the esophagus, leading to a range of uncomfortable symptoms.

The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn, which is a burning sensation or discomfort in the chest that often occurs after eating or when lying down. Other symptoms can include regurgitation, where stomach acid or undigested food rises into the throat or mouth, causing a sour or bitter taste. Some individuals may experience difficulty swallowing, persistent cough, hoarseness, or chest pain, which can sometimes be mistaken for a heart-related condition.

GERD can significantly impact an individual's daily life, as the symptoms can be disruptive and may lead to complications if left untreated. Chronic exposure to stomach acid can cause inflammation and damage to the lining of the esophagus, leading to a condition called erosive esophagitis. In severe cases, complications such as esophageal strictures (narrowing of the esophagus) or Barrett's esophagus (a precancerous condition) can develop. Proper diagnosis and management of GERD involve lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, medication, and in some cases, surgical interventions to strengthen the LES and prevent the reflux of stomach acid.

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